Manam

• Place: Manam

• Latitude: -4.10

• Longitude: 145.06

• Elevation: 1807

• Type: Stratovolc

• Latest Activity: Historical

• Eruptive Potential: V. High

• Status: Erupting

Description:

Manam volcano is a composite cone with two active summit craters. It’s 1750m above sea level high with the most frequent eruptive history. Eruptions from Manam are categorized into;

1. Intermittent minor eruptions which took place in: 1870-1876, 1878-1886, 1896-1903, 1905-1908, 1915-16, 1918, 1923-24, 1927-31, 1935, 1940-45, 1948-52, 1955, 1967-1973, 1976-81, 1985, 1988-1991, 1993-95, 1997-98 & 2016 and

2. Major eruptions: 1877, 1887-1895, 1904, 1909-1914, 1917, 1919-1922, 1925-1926, 1932-1934, 1936-1939, 1946-1947, 1953-1954, 1956-1966, 1974-75, 1982-1984, 1986-1987, 1992, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2004-2006, 2008, 2012-2013, 2015, 2017-2020.

Its maximum VEI (Volcano Explosivity Index) is 3 which occured in 1964 and in a pre-historic event. The biggest casualty from this volcano was in 1996 when 16 people were killed by pyroclastic flow. Its typical eruption types include; Strombolian; rhythmic ejection incandescent lava fragments, intermittent nuees, aa lava flows of olivine-bearing basalt. The composition of Manam volcano is mostly Basalt and Andesite. Current monitoring parameters include; Ground based Instrumental monitoring and Remote sensing : Mirova thermal hotspot & Global SO2 monitoring)

Reference: Continuous moderate to strong vapor emission from craters. Taylor (1963), Morgan(1966), Branch(1967c), Palfreyman& Cooke(1976), Cooke et al (1976)

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